Winter diet of bats in working forests of the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain

TL;DR

This study explores what bats eat during winter in southeastern U.S. forests and finds they consume pest insects and disease-carrying mosquitoes.

Contribution

The study provides the first detailed winter diet analysis of bats in southeastern working forests using DNA metabarcoding.

Findings

Bats consumed Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera as primary prey orders.

Some bat species showed significant dietary differences despite a generally generalist diet.

Bats consumed insect pests like Rhyacionia frustrana and disease vectors like Culex spp.

Abstract

Working forests comprise a large proportion of forested landscapes in the southeastern United States and are important to the conservation of bats, which rely on forests for roosting and foraging. While relationships between bat ecology and forest management are well studied during summer, winter bat ecology remains understudied. Hence, we aimed to identify the diet composition of overwintering bats, compare the composition of prey consumed by bat species, and determine the potential role of forest bats as pest controllers in working forest landscapes of the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain. During January to March 2021–2022, we captured 264 bats of eight species. We used DNA metabarcoding to obtain diet composition from 126 individuals of seven bat species identifying 22 orders and 174 families of arthropod prey. Although Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera were the most consumed orders, we found that bats had a generalist diet but with significant differences among some species. We also documented the consumption of multiple insect pests (e.g., Rhyacionia frustrana) and disease vectors (e.g., Culex spp). Our results provide important information regarding the winter diet of bats in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain and their potential role in controlling economically relevant pest species and disease vectors.

Figures