# Long-term gastrointestinal symptoms and sleep quality sequelae in adolescents after COVID-19: a retrospective study

## TL;DR

This study found that adolescents who had COVID-19 experienced long-term gastrointestinal and sleep issues, which improved over time and were linked to each other.

## Contribution

The study identifies risk factors and a significant correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and sleep quality in adolescents post-COVID-19.

## Key findings

- GI symptoms increased by 11.86% and sleep quality decreased by 10.9% after infection.
- Symptoms and sleep issues improved over six months post-infection.
- Females, older age, and higher education were risk factors for long-term effects.

## Abstract

To evaluate the long-term gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and sleep quality sequelae in adolescents with COVID-19.

Between June and July 2023, an online survey was done in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, using the GI Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI).

GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients increased by 11.86% compared to before infection, while sleep quality decreased by 10.9%. Over time, there was a significant increase in the cumulative incidence rate of GI symptoms and sleep disorders (p < 0.001). Follow-up of COVID-19 positive patients within 6 months of infection showed that GI symptoms and sleep quality began to ease starting from the first month after infection. Further analysis indicated a significant linear relationship between the severity of GI symptoms and sleep quality (R > 0.5, p < 0.001). Moreover, females, older age, and higher education were identified as risk factors influencing the long-term effects of COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 affects GI symptoms and sleep quality in adolescents during both the acute phase and post-infection periods. Over time, these symptoms gradually alleviate. A significant correlation exists between GI symptoms and sleep quality.