# Diabetes Insipidus Complicating Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: A Pituitary Abscess Diagnosis

## TL;DR

A 14-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes developed a rare pituitary abscess, causing hormonal issues like diabetes insipidus, and was diagnosed through imaging and biopsy.

## Contribution

This case highlights the rare but important association between pituitary abscess and type 1 diabetes mellitus.

## Key findings

- A pituitary abscess was diagnosed in a patient with type 1 diabetes through transsphenoidal biopsy.
- Most hormonal deficiencies resolved after 6 years, except for partial diabetes insipidus.
- The case suggests a possible clinical and pathophysiological link between pituitary abscess and T1DM.

## Abstract

In this report we present a case of a 14-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who experienced glycemic instability and multiple hormonal deficits, including diabetes insipidus, central hypothyroidism, and central adrenal insufficiency. Brain and sellar magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the suprasellar region, which was confirmed to be a pituitary abscess through transsphenoidal biopsy.

T1DM is a chronic systemic disease that can lead to suboptimal glycemic control and increased susceptibility to infections. Pituitary abscess is a rare and serious infection that can manifest with nonspecific signs and symptoms, as well as pituitary hormonal deficiencies.

Currently, after a 6-year follow-up the pituitary hormone deficiencies have resolved apart from persistent partial diabetes insipidus. Through a review of the current literature, we discuss the clinical characteristics of pituitary abscess, the challenges in diagnosing it, and speculate on the potential clinical and pathophysiological relationship between this uncommon infection and T1DM in our patient.