# Future optimism group based on the chronological stress view is less likely to be severe procrastinators

## TL;DR

People who are optimistic about future stress are less likely to be severe procrastinators, suggesting that future optimism helps avoid procrastination.

## Contribution

Introduced new indices, 'chronological stress view' and 'chronological well-being view,' to analyze procrastination through time-series data.

## Key findings

- Groups with low future stress expectations had fewer severe procrastinators.
- Chronological well-being view showed no link to procrastination.
- Future optimism based on stress perception may reduce procrastination.

## Abstract

Previous studies have shown that procrastinators tend to disregard the future. However, the "time view" of procrastinators, including their impressions of the future, has not been sufficiently examined. Therefore, we introduced new indices, "chronological stress view" and "chronological well-being view," which treat impressions of the past, present, and future (= time view) as time-series data via stress and well-being, respectively. The results showed that the group that believed that stress did not increase as they moved into the future had a lower percentage of severe procrastinators. No relationship was found between the chronological well-being view and procrastination. This result suggests that people who are relatively optimistic about the future based on the chronological stress view are less likely to be severe procrastinators. This may suggest the importance of having a hopeful prospect in the future to avoid procrastinating on actions that should yield greater rewards in the future.