# 3D transesophageal echocardiographic visualization of the pulmonary artery catheter through the tricuspid valve and their position relative to the tricuspid valve leaflets

## TL;DR

This study uses 3D transesophageal echocardiography to track how a pulmonary artery catheter passes through the tricuspid valve and how its position affects placement time.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is the use of 3D transesophageal echocardiography to precisely visualize and analyze pulmonary artery catheter positioning relative to tricuspid valve leaflets.

## Key findings

- The catheter most commonly passed between antero-posterior tricuspid valve leaflets (67.2%).
- Catheter placement time varied significantly depending on its position at the tricuspid annulus.
- 3D transesophageal echocardiography effectively identifies catheter location at the tricuspid valve.

## Abstract

The tricuspid valve is an atrioventricular valve consisting of three lobes. We used the 3D transesophageal echocardiography to visualize position of the pulmonary artery catheter at the tricuspid valve annulus and examined where the catheter passed through at the level of the tricuspid annulus.

In this prospective and observational study, we monitored the pressure wave on patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the catheter placement by monitoring the pressure waveform for 8 months. We measured the time required for the catheter to pass through the tricuspid and pulmonary valves, respectively. We acquired the 3D image of the tricuspid valve by transesophageal echocardiography and determined the position of the pulmonary artery catheter at the level of the tricuspid annulus. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test with Holm multiple comparisons. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Of the 116 cases, the pulmonary artery catheter passed through the tricuspid valve between antero-posterior leaflets in 78 cases (67.2 %), between septal-posterior leaflets in 25 cases (21.6 %), and between antero-septal leaflets in 2 cases (1.7 %) and the center in 11 cases (9.5 %), respectively. The time required for the catheter to pass through the pulmonary valves was significantly different among the catheter positions at the level of the tricuspid annulus.

The pulmonary artery catheter location at the level of the tricuspid annulus can be identified using 3D transesophageal echocardiography. The location of the catheter significantly affects the pulmonary artery catheter placement time.