This paper is marked retracted in the scholarly record (OpenAlex). Interpret its findings with caution.
Retraction Note: PI3K/Akt pathway and Nanog maintain cancer stem cells in sarcomas
Changhwan Yoon, Jun Lu, Brendan C. Yi, Kevin K. Chang, M. Celeste Simon, Sandra Ryeom, Sam S. Yoon

Abstract
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
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Taxonomy
TopicsCancer Cells and Metastasis · Metastasis and carcinoma case studies · MicroRNA in disease regulation
Retraction to: Oncogenesis 10.1038/s41389-020-00300-z, published online 19 January 2021
The authors have retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding the data presented in the figures. Specifically:
- In Fig. 4C, the sh.Scr + DMSO tumor image appears highly similar to the Fig. 6A upper tumor image of [1]
- In Fig. 4C, the sh.Nanog + Dox tumor image appears highly similar to the Fig. 6B Cisplatin tumor image of [2]
- In Fig. 4D, the Cleaved Caspase-3 sh.Scr Dox image has elements that appear highly similar to the Fig. 6D sh.AKT1/2 -Dox image
- In Fig. 6C, the sh.AKT1/2 + Dox tumor image appears highly similar to the Fig. 6B Fasudil tumor image of [2]
Authors Changhwan Yoon, Kevin K. Chang, M. Celeste Simon, Sandra Ryeom, and Sam S. Yoon agree with this retraction. Authors Jun Lu and Brendan C. Yi have not responded to correspondence regarding this retraction.
The reference list from the paper itself. Each links out to its DOI / PubMed record.
- 1Yoon C Cho SJ Chang KK Park DJ Ryeom SW Yoon SS Role of Rac 1 pathway in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem-like cell phenotypes in gastric adenocarcinoma Mol Cancer Res 20171511061610.1158/1541-7786.MCR-17-005328461325 PMC 5540756 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
- 2Yoon C Cho SJ Aksoy BA Park DJ Schultz N Ryeom SW Chemotherapy resistance in diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma is mediated by Rho A activation in cancer stem-like cells Clin Cancer Res 2016229718310.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-135626482039 PMC 4823002 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
