# Smart integration of cold plasma stream and surface discharge with ns laser ablation for composite nanomaterial

## TL;DR

This paper explores combining cold plasma and laser ablation to create composite nanomaterials with improved properties for biomedical and industrial uses.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel method of integrating cold plasma with laser ablation to enhance nanomaterial adhesion and structural properties.

## Key findings

- Surface discharge improved material adhesion through surface energy activation and chemical changes.
- The nanomaterial retained its crystalline structure and UV emission under all tested conditions.
- The method shows potential for flexible production of complex nanomaterials for various applications.

## Abstract

In this paper, smart integration of cold dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in various geometrical arrangements with laser ablation at atmospheric pressure for nanomaterial was described. A composite Co:ZnO target was ablated in an airflow by a nanosecond (ns) laser (wavelength: 1064 nm, pulse duration: 30 ns) using fluence of 5 J-cm−2 at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The nanomaterial produced under vertical and oblique plasma streams, surface discharge and gas flow, were compared. Utilization surface discharge markedly improved the material adhesion by altering surface intrinsic behavior, inducing anticipated surface energy activation, chemical changes, and the formation of a densely packed solid structure. Under all conditions, the material consistently retained its crystalline nature, elemental composition, and ultraviolet emission characteristics. These preliminary findings hold promise for additional research, suggesting avenues for making complex materials in a flexible environment. Such new advancements could facilitate applications in the biomedical, catalysis, pharmaceutical, and surgical device domains.