# Anti-Leishmania major Properties of Nuphar lutea (Yellow Water Lily) Leaf Extracts and Purified 6,6′ Dihydroxythiobinupharidine (DTBN)

## TL;DR

This study explores the anti-leishmanial properties of a plant compound from Nuphar lutea, showing promise for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of purified 6,6′-dihydroxythiobinupharidine (DTBN) against Leishmania major.

## Key findings

- Nuphar lutea extract and purified DTBN show strong anti-leishmanial activity in vitro and in vivo.
- DTBN exhibits therapeutic benefits in L. major-infected mice.
- DTBN has potential as a novel anti-parasitic compound for leishmaniasis treatment.

## Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a zoonotic disease, manifested as chronic ulcers, potentially leaving unattractive scars. There is no preventive vaccination or optimal medication against leishmaniasis. Chemotherapy generally depends upon a small group of compounds, each with its own efficacy, toxicity, and rate of drug resistance. To date, no standardized, simple, safe, and highly effective regimen for treating CL exists. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new optimal medication for this disease. Sesquiterpen thio-alkaloids constitute a group of plant secondary metabolites that bear great potential for medicinal uses. The nupharidines found in Nuphar lutea belong to this group of compounds. We have previously published that Nuphar lutea semi-purified extract containing major components of nupharidines has strong anti-leishmanial activity in vitro. Here, we present in vivo data on the therapeutic benefit of the extract against Leishmania major (L. major) in infected mice. We also expanded these observations by establishing the therapeutic effect of the extract-purified nupharidine 6,6′-dihydroxythiobinupharidine (DTBN) in vitro against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes as well as in vivo in L. major-infected mice. The results suggest that this novel anti-parasitic small molecule has the potential to be further developed against Leishmania.