# The Influence of Ligands on the Pd-Catalyzed Diarylation of Vinyl Esters

## TL;DR

This paper shows how using a specific ligand with palladium catalysts makes a chemical reaction more efficient, sustainable, and reusable.

## Contribution

The study introduces a new, sustainable Pd-catalyzed method for diarylation of vinyl esters with high chemoselectivity and low metal contamination.

## Key findings

- Pd-dmpzc catalyst enables efficient and chemoselective diarylation in water under mild conditions.
- The catalyst can be reused multiple times with minimal metal leaching and high product selectivity.
- The method reduces waste and cost, offering a sustainable and green chemical process.

## Abstract

The impact of ligands on the palladium-catalyzed 1,2-diarylation reaction course is presented. The application of Pd-dmpzc as a catalyst provides an efficient, chemoselective and sustainable protocol for the synthesis of valuable 1,2-diphenylethyl acetates. The reaction is conducted in water under mild conditions. Reaction products can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and catalyst by simple extraction. What is more, the rational choice of catalyst significantly reduces the leaching of the metal into the product and its contamination (0.1 ppm). Efficient phase separation and ultralow Pd leaching enable the reuse of the water medium containing the Pd-dmpzc catalyst several times without a significant loss of activity and with even higher selectivity (from 95% to 100% in the third cycle). The recyclability of both the catalyst and the reaction medium together with high chemoselectivity and low palladium leaching reduces the amount of waste and the cost of the process, exhibiting an example of a sustainable and green methodology.