# Piceatannol Upregulates SIRT1 Expression in Skeletal Muscle Cells and in Human Whole Blood: In Vitro Assay and a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Comparison Trial

## TL;DR

Piceatannol, a compound in passion fruit seeds, increases SIRT1 expression in muscle cells and human blood, potentially boosting fat metabolism and mitochondrial function.

## Contribution

This study is the first to show that piceatannol upregulates SIRT1 in both cultured muscle cells and human participants.

## Key findings

- Piceatannol increased SIRT1 expression in C2C12 myotubes more than resveratrol.
- Consuming piceatannol led to higher SIRT1 mRNA in human whole blood compared to a placebo.
- Piceatannol enhanced mitochondrial DNA content and fatty acid utilization in muscle cells.

## Abstract

Piceatannol (PIC), a polyphenol abundant in passion fruit seeds, is reported to promote fat metabolism. This study investigated whether PIC affects sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and metabolic factors in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. C2C12 myotubes were stimulated with PIC, and alterations in gene expression, protein levels, mitochondrial DNA content, and fatty acid levels were assessed using real-time PCR, Western blotting, and Nile red staining. Furthermore, we examined changes in SIRT1 expression following the consumption of a test food containing 100 mg PIC for 2 weeks among adults with varying age and body mass index ranges. Both PIC and passion fruit seed extract induced SIRT1 expression in C2C12 myotubes to a greater extent than resveratrol. PIC also increased the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid utilization, increased mitochondrial DNA content, and suppressed oleic acid-induced fat accumulation. Moreover, participants who consumed PIC exhibited significantly higher SIRT1 mRNA expression in whole blood compared to those in the placebo group. These findings suggest that PIC induces SIRT1 expression both in vitro and in the human body, which may promote mitochondrial biosynthesis and fat metabolism.