# Missing Renal Stone Diagnosis in Dementia Patients With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Case Report and Literature Review

## TL;DR

An elderly dementia patient with recurring UTIs was found to have a kidney stone, highlighting the need for imaging in similar cases.

## Contribution

This case report emphasizes the importance of imaging for kidney stones in dementia patients with recurrent UTIs.

## Key findings

- A CT scan revealed an obstructed kidney stone as the cause of recurrent UTIs in a dementia patient.
- Dementia patients with recurrent UTIs may require imaging to identify kidney stones.
- Dehydration and poor oral intake in dementia patients increase the risk of kidney stones.

## Abstract

In older adults, diagnosing, treating, and preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be challenging. This case is of an 82-year-old female of white descent, who was admitted to a post-acute care facility following hospitalization for delirium and a UTI. Hypoactive delirium may be the only clinical manifestation of recurrent UTI. Due to challenges in obtaining a history from this patient with dementia, she had to be admitted multiple times for sepsis. During her final hospitalization, a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis was ordered, which revealed an obstructed kidney stone as the cause of her recurrent UTIs. Recurrent UTIs especially in patients with dementia should prompt further imaging to look for kidney stones. Factors like dehydration and poor oral intake are risk factors for kidney stones, which patients with dementia are susceptible to.