# Is the incidence rate of colorectal cancer increasing in Mozambique?

## TL;DR

Colorectal cancer incidence is increasing in Mozambique, especially among those over 50, highlighting the need for better healthcare strategies.

## Contribution

This study provides the first detailed analysis of CRC trends in Mozambique using population-based cancer registries.

## Key findings

- CRC incidence rates in Maputo and Beira have increased in recent years, particularly in individuals over 50.
- Age-standardised CRC incidence rates in Maputo were 3.17 for males and 2.55 for females (2015–2017).
- Beira showed a rising CRC trend between 2009 and 2020, especially in older age groups.

## Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern, ranking as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, in Africa, CRC is the fifth most common invasive malignancy. Limited data hinder our understanding of the evolving burden of CRC in sub-Saharan Africa. This study explores CRC trends in Mozambique, utilising data from population-based oncological registries.

CRC data were gathered from Beira and Maputo population-based cancer registries, along with supplementary information from pathology-based and hospital-based registries. Comparative analyses were performed across different time periods, focusing on trends and epidemiological characteristics.

Incidence rates of CRC in Maputo and Beira were relatively low historically. However, data from recent years showed an increase, especially in age groups above 50. Analyses from pathology-based and hospital-based registries affirmed the rising trend. The age-standardised incidence rate in Maputo (2015–2017) was 3.17 for males and 2.55 for females. Beira exhibited increasing rates between 2009 and 2020, particularly in individuals aged 50 and above.

The study reveals an emerging burden of CRC in Mozambique, challenging the perception of low incidence. The rising trend underscores the necessity for tailored interventions, emphasizing early diagnosis, preventive strategies, and investments in healthcare infrastructure to address the increasing CRC burden in the region.