# Rare Combined Congenital Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Malformations Revealed by Acute Hemoptysis

## TL;DR

A rare case of lung sequestration with unusual congenital heart and lung abnormalities was successfully treated with a minimally invasive procedure.

## Contribution

This case presents a unique combination of congenital malformations associated with lung sequestration.

## Key findings

- Transarterial embolization effectively controlled hemoptysis and led to complete regression of the sequestered lung.
- The case involved rare congenital abnormalities including double superior vena cava and cardiac dextroposition.
- The combination of malformations described has not been previously reported in the literature.

## Abstract

Lung sequestration is a subtype of congenital lung malformations; it is infrequently diagnosed in adults and is a rare cause of hemoptysis. The typical management of symptomatic lung sequestration is usually surgical, though intra-arterial embolization is becoming an acceptable alternative. Case Presentation. We report a case of a 36-year-old female patient who presented for an acute onset of hemoptysis. CT chest showed an intralobar sequestration of the right lower lobe lung segment. In addition to the sequestration, the chest imaging also revealed a number of associated abnormalities including double superior vena cava communicating through a bridge, absence of brachiocephalic venous trunk, cardiac dextroposition, and agenesis of the right middle lobe. Outcome and Discussion. The transarterial embolization was selected for being mini-invasive and effective. It successfully controlled the bleed and led to complete regression of the sequestered lung on the follow-up CT chest several months later.

Successful management and complete regression are possible with mini-invasive intra-arterial embolization of lung sequestration. Although it is not uncommon to have associated congenital cardiopulmonary abnormalities with lung sequestration, however the exceptional abnormalities described in this case have never been reported before.