Bioassay-guided isolation of three new alkaloids from Suillus bovinus and preliminary mechanism against ginseng root rot

TL;DR

A new natural compound from a mushroom shows promise in fighting ginseng root rot caused by a fungus.

Contribution

Three new alkaloids from Suillus bovinus are isolated and shown to inhibit Fusarium solani.

Findings

Compound 1 strongly inhibits the growth and spore germination of Fusarium solani.

Compound 1 damages fungal cell membranes and increases lipid peroxidation markers.

Compound 1 could serve as a natural alternative to synthetic fungicides for ginseng root rot.

Abstract

In order to control the occurrence of ginseng root rot caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., the antifungal compounds of the mushroom Suillus bovinus were investigated. And three new alkaloids (1–3), named bovinalkaloid A–C, along with one known analog (4), were isolated and identified by bioassay-guided isolation and spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 strongly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of F. solani with minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.08 mM. Increases in electrical conductivity, nucleic acid, and protein contents, and decreases in lipid content showed that the membrane permeability and integrity were damaged by compound 1. Compound 1 also increased the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, indicating that lipid peroxidation had taken place in F. solani. Compound 1 may serve as a natural alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of ginseng root rot.

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