# Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Complicated by Pneumomediastinum: A Case Report

## TL;DR

This case report describes a rare complication of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in an AIDS patient, where air entered the chest cavity, causing pneumomediastinum.

## Contribution

The paper presents a rare clinical case of pneumomediastinum as a complication of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in an AIDS patient.

## Key findings

- Pneumomediastinum is a rare but serious complication of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.
- The case highlights the importance of recognizing this complication in immunocompromised patients.
- Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to reduce morbidity and mortality.

## Abstract

Pneumomediastinum refers to the presence of air in the mediastinum (the space in the chest between the lungs). It can arise from various etiologies, including trauma, esophageal perforation, infections, medical procedures, or underlying lung diseases. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a common opportunistic infection seen in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with HIV/AIDS. Pneumomediastinum is a rare but serious complication of PJP that occurs in immunosuppressed patients, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. We present a rare case of pneumomediastinum caused by P. jirovecii pneumonia in an AIDS patient.