# Psychological interventions to promote self-forgiveness: a systematic review

## TL;DR

This paper reviews psychological interventions that help people forgive themselves, showing they improve health and well-being.

## Contribution

A systematic review of interventions specifically aimed at promoting self-forgiveness and their effectiveness.

## Key findings

- Self-directed interventions, especially those based on Enright’s process model, are effective in promoting self-forgiveness.
- Self-forgiveness interventions also improve other psychological and clinical outcomes.
- Interventions can be applied at both individual and group levels with varying methods and durations.

## Abstract

Being able to forgive one’s own wrongdoings improves the health and well-being of a person. People find it difficult to forgive themselves due to different reasons. It is essential to enhance the ability to accept one’s deeds and thereby enhance self-forgiveness. The current systematic review’s objective is to comprehend the application and efficiency of numerous interventions that improve self-forgiveness.

The search was done on electronic databases such as PubMed, ERIC, Web of Science, PsycNet, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The initial search yielded 399 articles. After the duplicate removal, 19 articles met the eligibility criteria. Two studies were identified through related references. Thus, 21 articles were finalized for review. The study adhered to the PRISMA recommendations for systematic reviews.

The 21 finalized articles varied in method, participants, research design, duration, measurement tools used, and observed outcomes. Thirteen of the 21 finalized articles followed interventions specifically designed to promote self-forgiveness. Interventions are seen to be applied at both individual and group levels.

The review categorizes the interventions into self-directed and group. The self-directed interventions, notably those based on Enright’s process model, demonstrate its efficiency in nurturing self-forgiveness. Self-forgiveness interventions are also found to be effective in promoting other positive psychological and clinical variables. Further implications and future research avenues are outlined.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-024-01671-3.