# Efficacy and safety of venetoclax combined with hypomethylating agents in the treatment of 83 patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes

**Authors:** 柳 刘, 凤 和, 衍 徐, 涛 李, 亚飞 李, 平 汤, 玲 孙

PMC · DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20231207-00296 · Chinese Journal of Hematology · 2024-03-01

## TL;DR

Venetoclax combined with hypomethylating agents shows efficacy in treating high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, with certain mutations and ALP levels predicting poor outcomes.

## Contribution

Identifies ALP ≥90 U/L, TP53, and U2AF1 mutations as independent risk factors for treatment failure in HR-MDS patients treated with venetoclax and HMA.

## Key findings

- The overall response rate was 62.7% with venetoclax plus HMA in 83 HR-MDS patients.
- ALP ≥90 U/L, TP53 mutation, and U2AF1 mutation were independent risk factors for treatment failure.
- Blood-related adverse events were common, with 48.2% experiencing grade 3-4 leukopenia.

## Abstract

评估维奈克拉（VEN）联合去甲基化药物（HMA）治疗较高危骨髓增生异常综合征（HR-MDS）的疗效和安全性，并分析可能影响疗效的因素。

回顾性分析2019年11月至2023年5月在郑州大学第一附属医院血液科确诊的83例HR-MDS患者的临床资料，所有患者在治疗期间均应用过VEN+ HMA治疗。生存曲线采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制，组间生存比较采用Log-rank检验。

83例HR-MDS患者中，男性51例（61.4％），中位年龄57（15～82）岁。其中，初始治疗MDS患者45例（54.2％），应用HMA≤4个疗程患者23例（27.7％），HMA治疗失败15例（18.1％）。中位随访10.3（0.6～34.4）个月，总体反应率（ORR）62.7％（52/83），其中18例（21.7％）获完全缓解（CR），14例（16.9％）获骨髓完全缓解（mCR）并血液学改善，20例（24.1％）获mCR。初始治疗、应用HMA≤4个疗程、HMA治疗失败3组患者的ORR分别为66.7％、60.9％、53.3％（P＝0.641）。中位总生存（OS）期14.6（95％CI 7.2～22.0）个月，中位无进展生存（PFS）期8.9（95％CI 6.7～11.1）个月。多因素分析显示，碱性磷酸酶（ALP）≥90 U/L（OR＝14.574，95％CI 3.036～69.951，P＝0.001）、TP53突变（OR＝13.052，95％CI 1.982～85.932，P＝0.008）和U2AF1突变（OR＝7.720，95％CI 1.540～38.698，P＝0.013）是VEN+HMA治疗无效的独立危险因素。所有患者均发生了血液学不良事件（AE），因治疗所致3～4级白细胞减少的发生率最高，为48.2％（40/83）。最常见的非血液AE为肺部感染（31.3％）。

VEN+HMA在初始治疗及HMA治疗失败的HR-MDS患者中均有较高的治疗反应率，ALP≥90 U/L、TP53突变和U2AF1突变是无治疗反应的独立危险因素。

## Linked entities

- **Genes:** TP53 (tumor protein p53) [NCBI Gene 7157], U2AF1 (U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1) [NCBI Gene 7307]
- **Chemicals:** venetoclax (PubChem CID 49846579)
- **Diseases:** myelodysplastic syndromes (MONDO:0018881)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** ALPP (alkaline phosphatase, placental) [NCBI Gene 250] {aka ALP, PALP, PLAP, PLAP-1}, U2AF1 (U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1) [NCBI Gene 7307] {aka FP793, RN, RNU2AF1, U2AF35, U2AFBP}, TP53 (tumor protein p53) [NCBI Gene 7157] {aka BCC7, BMFS5, LFS1, P53, TRP53}
- **Diseases:** HR-MDS (MESH:D009190), leukopenia (MESH:D007970), Hematological toxicity (MESH:D006402), Infection (MESH:D007239), bone marrow CR (MESH:D001855), pulmonary infection (MESH:D012141)
- **Chemicals:** VEN (MESH:C579720), HMA (-)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

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## References

26 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11078653/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11078653