# Health-related quality of life among people with diabetes: A cross-sectional study in Hail region, Saudi Arabia  ​

## TL;DR

This study assesses the health-related quality of life of people with diabetes in Saudi Arabia's Hail region, finding moderate levels with notable pain and mobility issues.

## Contribution

The study provides region-specific insights into HRQoL among diabetic patients in Hail, Saudi Arabia, identifying key demographic and treatment predictors.

## Key findings

- The mean HRQoL score was 0.71 with a visual analog score of 68.4, indicating moderate quality of life.
- Women, unmarried individuals, and those on insulin reported poorer HRQoL compared to men and those on oral medication.
- Pain and mobility issues were prevalent, affecting nearly half and a third of participants, respectively.

## Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a serious and expanding health problem, together with the issues of health- related quality of life (HRQoL). This further puts pressure on the government to allocate more funds for public healthcare.

This study was devised to evaluate the health-related quality of life of people living with diabetes in Hail region of Saudi Arabia.

This cross-sectional research was carried out at eight locations in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia between 21st March-20th May 2022 using the adapted version of the Euro QoL-5 dimension (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. A multistage random sample approach was used to choose the diabetes clinics, and data collectors approached the participants in the waiting areas to collect the information. The data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis, Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests in IBM SPSS statistics 21.0.

The mean HRQoL score was 0.71±0.21 with a visual analog score of 68.4±16.2. Despite having much higher levels of quality of life in terms of self-care (85.8%), regular activity (73.8%) and anxiety (71.8%), nearly one half of the people reported moderate pain or discomfort, and more than one third reported having moderate mobility issues. In general, the quality of life for women was poorer than for men. Individuals with diabetes who were unmarried, young, educated, financially secure, and taking only oral medication had much improved HRQoL. The Euro QoL of people with diabetes patients were significantly influenced by gender, marital status, age, education, employment and treatment modality (p-values < 0.05), whereas only treatment modality had a significant impact on the patients’ visual analogue measures (p-values < 0.05).

The HRQoL of people with diabetes in Hail region was moderate in general, with pain and mobility issues being particularly prevalent. Gender, marital status, age, education, employment and type of medication therapy are significant predictors of HRQoL of patients with diabetes. Hence, planning and programs to enhance the HRQoL of people with diabetes, especially women is recommended.