# Improving in vitro screening compounds anti-Trypanosoma cruzi by GFP-expressing parasites

## TL;DR

A new fluorescent method using GFP-expressing T. cruzi parasites is proposed to speed up drug screening against this parasite.

## Contribution

A fluorimetric method using GFP-expressing T. cruzi is developed as a faster alternative to traditional microscopy for drug screening.

## Key findings

- Fluorescence data underestimated benznidazole's effect on epimastigotes but matched microscopy results for intracellular amastigotes.
- GFP expression was robust and consistent across T. cruzi life stages, enabling reliable fluorescence-based viability assessments.

## Abstract

Conventional microscopic counting is a widely utilised method for evaluating the trypanocidal effects of drugs on intracellular amastigotes. This is a low-cost approach, but it is time-consuming and reliant on the expertise of the microscopist. So, there is a pressing need for developing technologies to enhance the efficiency of low-cost anti-Trypanosoma cruzi drug screening.

In our laboratory, we aimed to expedite the screening of anti-T. cruzi drugs by implementing a fluorescent method that correlates emitted fluorescence from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing T. cruzi (Tc-GFP) with cellular viability.

Epimastigotes (Y strain) were transfected with the pROCKGFPNeo plasmid, resulting in robust and sustained GFP expression across epimastigotes, trypomastigotes, and intracellular amastigotes. Tc-GFP epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes were exposed to a serial dilution of benznidazole (Bz). Cell viability was assessed through a combination of microscopic counting, MTT, and fluorimetry.

The fluorescence data indicated an underestimation of the activity of Bz against epimastigotes (IC50 75 µM x 14 µM). Conversely, for intracellular GFP-amastigotes, both fluorimetry and microscopy yielded identical IC50 values. Factors influencing the fluorimetry approach are discussed.

Our proposed fluorometric assessment is effective and can serve as a viable substitute for the time-consuming microscopic counting of intracellular amastigotes.