Radiographic study of direct anterior approach hip arthroplasty: a 10–15 year follow-up of Chinese patients

TL;DR

This study shows that direct anterior hip surgery in Chinese patients leads to good long-term implant positioning and survival over 10–15 years.

Contribution

Long-term follow-up of direct anterior hip arthroplasty in Chinese patients, focusing on component positioning and survival.

Findings

The overall survival rate of hip prostheses was 96.3% after 13.1 years on average.

77.7% of acetabular components were in the Lewinnek safe zone, and 94.0% of femoral prostheses were within the safe zone.

Only 5.1% of prostheses showed radiolucency >2 mm, indicating good implant stability.

Abstract

Controversy remains over whether different surgical approaches exert an impact on the component positioning in total hip arthroplasty. We conducted a retrospective study to reveal the long-term position of prostheses in the first group of patients in China who underwent direct anterior hip arthroplasty.

Collected were data from 350 patients who underwent direct anterior hip arthroplasty between 2008 and 2013, including demographic information, imaging data, Harris hip scores, and surgical complications. Variables, measured radiographically or by CT, included hip offset, leg length discrepancy, component position, and stability within one week after surgery and at the last follow-up. The data were subjected to statistical analysis by using paired t-tests and Pearson chi-square tests.

Data were harvested by follow-up and self-reported questionnaires. The postoperative follow-up lasted for 13.1 years on average (minimum, 10 years; maximum, 15 years), and the overall survival rate of hip prostheses was 96.3%. The mean Harris score at the final follow-up was 91.8 points. After excluding patients with significant preoperative hip deformities, the incidence of postoperative limb inequality (> 5 mm) was 4.9% at the last follow-up, and the incidence of hip offset discrepancy (> 5 mm) was 14.6%. The overall proportion of the acetabular components located in the Lewinnek safe zone was 77.7%, whereas the proportion of femoral prostheses in the safe zone (< 3° inclination) was 94.0%. Based on the revised data and the last follow-up imaging, the total proportion of acetabular and femoral prostheses with a radiolucence of > 2 mm was 5.1%.

Direct anterior approach hip arthroplasty could achieve excellent component positioning and long-term prosthesis survival in patients without severe hip deformities.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42836-024-00249-z.

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