Successful Treatment of a Thyroid Abscess in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

TL;DR

A 5-year-old girl with a rare thyroid abscess was successfully treated with drainage and antibiotics, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis in children.

Contribution

This case report adds to the limited literature on pediatric thyroid abscesses and emphasizes the role of imaging in diagnosis.

Findings

The patient showed no signs of thyroid dysfunction despite the abscess.

Antibiotics alone failed, but drainage and antibiotics led to full recovery.

Imaging was critical for diagnosing and managing the condition.

Abstract

Thyroid abscess, or acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST), is an exceedingly rare condition, particularly in the pediatric population. It often results from congenital anomalies or is secondary to infections. Despite its rarity, prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent serious complications. We report a case of a five-year-old girl with no significant medical history who presented with a two-week history of anterior neck swelling, odynophagia, fever, and leukocytosis. Notably, the patient did not exhibit symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. Initial treatment with antibiotics for a suspected bacterial infection at a private clinic did not lead to improvement. Ultrasound and computed tomography scans revealed a multiloculated abscess within the left thyroid lobe. The patient underwent successful incision and drainage, supported by antibiotic therapy, resulting in a full recovery without complications. Imaging studies played a critical role in diagnosing and guiding the management of this condition. Thyroid abscess, though rare, should be part of the differential diagnosis for pediatric patients presenting with acute neck swelling, fever, and pain. Early diagnosis and appropriate management, typically involving surgical drainage and antibiotics, are essential for a favorable outcome.

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