# Performance of IRI 2016 model in predicting total electron content (TEC) compared with GPS-TEC over East Africa during 2019–2021

## TL;DR

This study compares the IRI-2016 model's predictions of electron content in the atmosphere with GPS data over East Africa from 2019 to 2021.

## Contribution

The study evaluates the IRI-2016 model's performance in predicting TEC in East Africa using GPS data from 2019–2021.

## Key findings

- The IRI-2016 model underestimated GPS-TEC at night and overestimated it during the day.
- Correlation coefficients between IRI-TEC and GPS-TEC were above 0.9 at most stations and seasons.
- Variation in the O/N2 ratio may explain deviations between IRI and GPS TEC measurements.

## Abstract

This study evaluated the applicability of IRI-2016 model in predicting GPS TEC using the monthly means of the five (5) quiet days for equinoxes and solstices months. GPS-derived TEC data were obtained from the IGS network of ground based dual frequency GPS receivers from three stations [(KYN3 0.53° S, 38.53° E; Geom. Lat. 3.91.63° S), (MBAR 0.60° S, 30.74° E; Geom. Lat. 2.76° S) and HOID 1.45° S, 31.34° E; Geom. Lat. 3.71° S]. All the three options for topside Ne of IRI-2016 model and ABT-2009 for bottomside thickness have been used to compute the IRI TEC. The results were compared with the GPS TEC measurements. Correlation Coefficients between the two sets of data, the Root-Mean Square Errors of the IRI-TEC from the GPS-TEC, and the percentage RMSE of the IRI-TEC from the GPS-TEC have been computed. In general, the IRI-2016 model underestimated GPS-TEC during the nighttime, whereas the model overestimated GPS-TEC values during the daytime. At most of the stations and during all seasons where data were available, correlation coefficient was above 0.9, which is quite strong. The variation of O/N2 ratio may potentially be the cause of the IRI TEC deviation from the GPS TEC. This variation arises from lower thermosphere plasma drift that moves upward.