# Perceived professional preparedness and identity among senior nursing students: a latent profile Analysis

## TL;DR

This study identifies three levels of professional preparedness among senior nursing students and shows how professional identity and other factors influence these levels.

## Contribution

The study introduces a new classification of professional preparedness using latent profile analysis and links it to professional identity and external factors.

## Key findings

- Three distinct profiles of professional preparedness were identified among senior nursing students.
- Professional identity and factors like clinical hours and relationships with classmates significantly predict preparedness levels.
- Targeted interventions based on these profiles could improve students' confidence in their future nursing roles.

## Abstract

Senior nursing students’ perceptions of their professional preparedness help them for expectations of their future nursing role with more confidence, and professional identity may contribute to cultivating nursing students’ perceptions of professional preparedness. In this study we applied latent profile analysis to identify the latent profiles of perceived professional preparedness among senior nursing students and to examine their identity and predictors.

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 319 senior nursing students from five universities in China were enrolled. Data were collected using the Perceived Professional Preparedness of Senior Nursing Students’ Questionnaire and the Professional Identity Scale for Nursing Students.

Three latent profiles were identified and labeled as “low perceived professional preparedness” (n = 90, 28.2%), “low clinical competency-low EBP (Evidence-Based Practice)” (n = 190, 59.5%), and “high perceived professional preparedness” (n = 39, 12.2%). Place of residence, average clinical practicum hours per day, part-time experience, good relationships with classmates, and feeling nobility toward nursing due to COVID-19 significantly predicted profile membership. The average professional identity score was also statistically different across the three profiles (F = 54.69, p < 0.001).

Senior nursing students’ perceptions of their professional preparedness were divided into three profiles, and out results show that promoting professional identity may effectively foster their perceived professional preparedness. This study therefore highlights the importance of targeted interventions by considering their distinct perceptions of professional preparedness patterns.