Renal pseudoaneurysm after calculous pyelonephritis

TL;DR

A 53-year-old man developed a rare kidney pseudoaneurysm after a kidney infection caused by a kidney stone, which was successfully treated with angioembolization.

Contribution

This paper presents a rare case of renal pseudoaneurysm caused by calculous pyelonephritis, expanding the known etiology of this condition.

Findings

The patient developed a ruptured renal pseudoaneurysm following calculous pyelonephritis.

Angioembolization was an effective treatment for the pseudoaneurysm.

The case highlights the importance of considering pseudoaneurysm in patients with severe post-infectious complications.

Abstract

Renal pseudoaneurysms reportedly occur after partial nephrectomy, renal trauma, or percutaneous procedures. Renal pseudoaneurysms can also occur after renal inflammation; however, such cases are rare and seldom reported.

A 53‐year‐old man presented to our emergency room with a 3‐day history of fever and right back pain. A blood sample revealed severe inflammation and computed tomography showed an 8 mm diameter stone in the right middle ureter and hydronephrosis. The patient was diagnosed with calculous pyelonephritis and underwent emergency ureteral stenting and antibiotic therapy. On day 8 of hospitalization, hematuria and right back pain developed, and on day 9 bladder tamponade and anemia developed. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed a ruptured pseudoaneurysm, and the patient underwent successful angioembolization. The patient was discharged on day 23.

We report a case of a renal pseudoaneurysm possibly caused by calculous pyelonephritis.

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