# Lax Uterosacral Ligament and Urge Urinary Incontinence: MRI Findings in Symptomatic Patients Versus Healthy Volunteers

## TL;DR

This study uses MRI to show that lax uterosacral ligaments are associated with urge urinary incontinence in women.

## Contribution

The study provides empirical evidence linking uterosacral ligament laxity to urge urinary incontinence symptoms.

## Key findings

- UUI patients had significantly longer uterosacral ligaments than healthy controls (p < 0.001).
- Inter-observer agreement was highest for ligament origin and insertion points but lowest for anatomical sites.

## Abstract

The objective was to explore the association between urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and lax uterosacral ligaments (USL) using MRI.

Sixty-seven female participants were recruited prospectively: 41 continent volunteers (control group) and 26 patients with UUI. Static proton density- and T2-weighted turbo spin echo sequences of MR images were used. A radiologist employed a standardized grid system to record structural observations of the USLs on sequentially numbered axial MR images and then applied a four-point grading scale to assess ligament visibility. MR images were interpreted by a radiologist and a urologist, and then validated by an expert radiologist.

The comparison between the mean length of uterosacral ligaments in the control and UUI groups was highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean length of the right USL was 38 ± 11 mm, and the left USL was 35 ± 12 mm in the UUI group. In the control group, the mean length of the USL was 22 ± 9 mm on the right side and 18 ± 9 mm on the left side, along their craniocaudal extent. The highest inter-observer agreement was on the level of origin and insertion (image numbers), whereas the lowest agreement was on the anatomical site of origin and insertion of the USL in both the control and UUI groups.

The average length of USLs in patients with UUI is significantly longer than that in healthy continent women, indicating laxity. Our findings support the relationship between the laxity of the USL and UUI symptoms and have therapeutic implications.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00192-023-05722-y