This paper is marked retracted in the scholarly record (OpenAlex). Interpret its findings with caution.
Retraction Note: International trade and environmental pollution in sub-Saharan Africa: do exports and imports matter?
Emmanuel Duodu, Desmond Mbe-Nyire Mpuure
Abstract
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
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Taxonomy
TopicsEnergy, Environment, Economic Growth · Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies · Climate Change Policy and Economics
Retraction Note: Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2023) 30:53204-53220
10.1007/s11356-023-26086-2
The Publisher has retracted this article in agreement with the Editor-in-Chief. An investigation by the Publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised peer-review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references, containing nonstandard phrases or not being in scope of the journal. Based on the investigation's findings the Publisher, in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief, therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article.
The authors have not stated whether they agree or disagree to this retraction.