Effect of Combined Laser Thermal and Shock Wave Effects on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Steels

TL;DR

This study shows that combining laser thermal and shock wave treatments improves the strength and wear resistance of different steels more effectively than traditional methods.

Contribution

The novelty lies in demonstrating that applying laser shock peening before and after laser surface hardening yields superior mechanical and tribological properties in steels.

Findings

Combined LSH and LSP treatments increased the depth of the hardened layer by 1.29 to 1.53 times compared to traditional methods.

Microhardness values increased by 13% to 27% depending on the steel type when using the optimal treatment sequence.

Abrasive wear resistance improved by 1.5–2 times when LSH was placed between two LSP pulses.

Abstract

Herein, we present the results of an experimental study on the mechanical properties of Fe-C alloys with different carbon contents (0.2, 0.45, and 0.8%) in a wide range of deformation rates (10−3–103 s−1) and abrasive wear resistance, which underwent combined laser thermal (laser surface hardening—LSH) and laser shock wave (Laser Shock Peening—LSP) processing. The combined treatment modes included a different sequence of exposure to laser thermal and laser-induced shock pulses on the material. The amplitude and duration of laser-induced shock waves were measured using a laser Michelson interferometer. The mechanical properties of steel samples were studied under conditions of uniaxial tension under static loads on a standard universal testing machine, the LR5KPlus, and under dynamic loading, tests were carried out on a specialized experimental complex according to the H. Kolsky method using a split Hopkinson rod. The abrasive wear resistance of hardened surfaces was studied using the Brinell–Haworth method. Studies have shown that the use of a combination of LSH and LSP treatments leads to an increase in both the mechanical properties of steels and abrasive wear resistance compared to traditional laser hardening. It has been established that in the combinations considered, the most effective is laser treatment, in which LSP treatment is applied twice: before and after LSH. Thus, after processing steels using this mode, an increase in the depth of the hardened layer was recorded—by 1.53 times for steel 20, by 1.41 times for steel 45, and by 1.29 times for steel U8—as well as a maximum increase in microhardness values by 22% for steel 20, by 27% for steel 45, and by 13% for U8 steel. The use of this mode made it possible to obtain the maximum strength properties of the studied materials under static and dynamic loading, which is associated with an increase in the volume fraction of the strengthened metal and high microhardness values of the strengthened layer of traditional LSH. The dependences of abrasive wear of the studied steels after various combinations of LSP and LSH impacts were established. It is shown that the greatest wear resistance of the studied steels is observed in the case when the LSH pulse is located between two LSP pulses. In this case, abrasive wear resistance increases by 1.5–2 times compared to traditional LSH.

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