# Exploring Complexity: A Case Report of a Cystic Hygroma With Complex Congenital Heart Defects and Annular Pancreas in a One-Year-Old Child

## TL;DR

A one-year-old girl with cystic hygroma, complex heart defects, and annular pancreas required multidisciplinary care, highlighting the diagnostic and treatment challenges in such complex pediatric cases.

## Contribution

This case report highlights the rare co-occurrence of cystic hygroma, complex congenital heart defects, and annular pancreas in a young child.

## Key findings

- The patient had complex congenital heart defects including ASD, VSD, and aorta arising from the right ventricle.
- Cystic hygroma and annular pancreas were diagnosed alongside the heart defects.
- Multidisciplinary treatment involving sclerotherapy and supportive care was required.

## Abstract

Lymphatic malformations frequently present as benign masses in the neck and clavicle region among infants and young children. Cystic hygroma represents an often-encountered form of lymphatic malformation. This case report details the medical history of a one-year-old girl characterized by a multifaceted medical background, initially exhibiting symptoms of persistent cough, cold, and neck swelling. Further investigations revealed more severe conditions: complex congenital heart defects, including large atrial septal defect (ASD), large ventricular septal defect (VSD), and aorta arising from the right ventricle with cystic hygroma and annular pancreas. The patient underwent various diagnostic tests, including chest X-rays, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA), leading to multidisciplinary treatment involving sclerotherapy for cystic hygroma and supportive therapies. The case underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing pediatric patients with overlapping conditions and the critical need for continuous follow-up.