# Sjögren: unique surname, two men, four syndromes and one disease

## TL;DR

This paper clarifies the different medical conditions named after two Swedish physicians, Henrik and Torsten Sjögren, to avoid diagnostic confusion.

## Contribution

The paper provides a clear distinction between the various syndromes and diseases associated with the Sjögren name.

## Key findings

- Henrik Sjögren described keratoconjunctivitis sicca and retinal dystrophy.
- Torsten Sjögren contributed to understanding several genetic and neurological disorders.
- The paper aims to clarify these disorders for accurate diagnosis and historical accuracy.

## Abstract

Henrik and Torsten Sjögren (/ˈʃoʊɡrən/ or SHOH–grən) were two Swedish physicians living in the same period, but completely unrelated, except for their notable contributions to Medicine. The first one described keratoconjunctivitis sicca, afterward called Sjögren's syndrome, and a fishing net aspect retinal pigmentation affecting visual acuity, nowadays known as Sjögren reticular dystrophy. The last one contributed to the understanding of Spielmeyer-Sjögren disease, Marinesco-Sjögren, and Sjögren-Larsson syndromes, all related to genetic disorders and neurological symptoms. In this paper, we aim to describe each disorder, in order to avoid any misunderstanding in diagnosis and for historical record.