# Genetic Association of ICAM-1 (rs5498) Gene Polymorphism With Susceptibility to Stage II Grade B Periodontitis: A Case-Control Study in South Indian Population

## TL;DR

This study found no link between a specific ICAM-1 gene variation and periodontitis in a South Indian population.

## Contribution

The study provides population-specific evidence on the ICAM-1 rs5498 polymorphism and periodontitis in South India.

## Key findings

- No significant difference in ICAM-1 rs5498 genotype frequencies between periodontitis patients and controls.
- Allele frequencies of A and G were similar in both groups.
- No association was found between the ICAM-1 polymorphism and periodontitis risk.

## Abstract

Introduction: In the contemporary perspective, periodontitis is considered a complex issue triggered and perpetuated by bacteria but strongly influenced by the way the body reacts to bacterial plaque. Recent research has indicated that variations in genes might have an impact on the development of periodontitis. This study was conducted to explore a probable link between the genetic variations in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) represented by rs5498 and the occurrence of periodontitis.

Methods: A total of 100 participants, 50 with periodontitis and 50 with periodontally healthy or mild gingivitis, were recruited for this study. Whole blood drawn from the participants was used to obtain genomic DNA. The ICAM-1 gene polymorphism (rs5498) was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and digestion. The ICAM-1 gene's flanking primers were used to amp up the DNA. For statistical analysis, the genotype that was analyzed using the pattern of restriction fragment length polymorphism was recorded. The Chi-square test compared genotype and allele frequency distributions between both groups. The odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals with each individual allele or genotype was used to compute the risk. Statistical significance was established in all tests when the p-value was less than 0.05.

Results: There was no discernible difference between the genotype frequencies of patients and controls χ2df (P = 0.6065). The findings demonstrated that no significant difference was present between the two groups for homozygous or heterozygous mutant genotypes (AA vs. AG+GG; P = 0.6854). There was no discernible difference in the detected frequencies of the A allele (58% vs. 61%), G allele (42% vs. 39%), TT (16% vs. 24%), AG (40% vs. 36%), and TT genotypes in the studied groups.

Conclusion: According to the results of the current investigation, the ICAM-1 (rs5498) gene polymorphism is not associated with periodontitis in the population investigated.