Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on utilization and cost for care of pediatric and young adult ALL

TL;DR

This study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic affected healthcare use and costs for children and young adults with leukemia, finding no significant changes.

Contribution

This is the first investigation into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare utilization and costs for pediatric and young adult ALL patients.

Findings

No significant changes in healthcare utilization or costs for ALL patients during the pandemic.

The necessary care for ALL remained consistent despite pandemic-related healthcare disruptions.

The study provides a benchmark for understanding pandemic effects on health equity in vulnerable populations.

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy and among the most common malignancies in young adults and requires a unique pattern of healthcare utilization including an acute/emergent presentation and an intensive initial 8 months of therapy followed by two years of outpatient treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic caused massive global disruptions in healthcare use and delivery. This report aims to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation, diagnosis and continued management of childhood and young adult ALL in regard to utilization and cost of care among commercially insured individuals in the United States.

Utilizing a commercial insurance claims database, 529 pediatric and young adult patients were identified who were diagnosed with ALL between January 2016 and March 2021. New diagnoses were evaluated by era and demographics. Utilization was measured by COVID-related era as number of inpatient and outpatient encounters, inpatient days, and cumulative cost during the initial 8 months of therapy. None of these cost or utilization factors changed significantly during or shortly after the pandemic. These findings reinforce that the necessary care for pediatric and young adult ALL was unwavering despite the massive shifts in the healthcare system caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This provides a valuable benchmark as we further examine the factors that influence the pandemic’s impact on health equity and access to care, especially in vulnerable pediatric and young adult populations. This is the first investigation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on utilization and cost of care in pediatric and young adult cancer.

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