Necroptosis-related lncRNA-based novel signature to predict the prognosis and immune landscape in soft tissue sarcomas

TL;DR

This study identifies a new lncRNA-based signature to predict prognosis and immune features in soft tissue sarcomas.

Contribution

A novel necroptosis-related lncRNA signature (NRLncSig) is developed for predicting prognosis and immune landscape in STS.

Findings

39 prognosis-specific necroptosis-related lncRNAs were identified in soft tissue sarcomas.

The high-risk group showed worse survival and an immunosuppressive microenvironment.

NRLncSig demonstrated strong predictive performance for STS prognosis.

Abstract

Necroptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer initiation and progression. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of necroptosis-related lncRNAs in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is so far unknown and needs to be explored further.

Clinical and genomic data were obtained from the UCSC Xena database. All STS patients’ subclusters were performed by unsupervised consensus clustering method based on the prognosis-specific lncRNAs, and then assessed their survival advantage and immune infiltrates. In addition, we explored the pathways and biological processes in subclusters through gene set enrichment analysis. At last, we established the necroptosis-related lncRNA-based risk signature (NRLncSig) using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method, and explored the prediction performance and immune microenvironment of this signature in STS.

A total of 911 normal soft tissue samples and 259 STS patients were included in current study. 39 prognosis-specific necroptosis-related lncRNAs were selected. Cluster 2 had a worse survival than the cluster 1 and characterized by different immune landscape in STS. A worse outcome in the high-risk group was observed by survival analysis and indicated an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The ROC curve analyses illustrated that the NRLncSig performing competitively in prediction of prognosis for STS patients. In addition, the nomogram presents excellent performance in predicting prognosis, which may be more beneficial towards STS patients’ treatment.

Our result indicated that the NRLncSig could be a good independent predictor of prognosis, and significantly connected with immune microenvironment, thereby providing new insights into the roles of necroptosis-related lncRNAs in STS.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-024-05682-w.

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