# Computational and experimental microfluidics: Total analysis system for mixing, sorting, and concentrating particles and cells

## TL;DR

This paper presents a microfluidic system for mixing, sorting, and concentrating particles and cells, validated through simulations and experiments.

## Contribution

A novel total analysis microfluidic system is developed and experimentally validated for particle and cell manipulation.

## Key findings

- The system successfully separates 20 μm particles from smaller ones using Dean flow fractionation.
- Optimal pressure inputs were determined for different fluid types using COMSOL simulations.
- Environmental scanning electron microscopy confirmed effective size-based separation of particles.

## Abstract

Body fluids can potentially indicate the presence of non-small cancer cells. Studying these fluids is an emerging field that could be crucial for cancer detection and monitoring treatment effectiveness. Meanwhile, the examination of fluids on a microscopic level is part of the field of microfluidics. This study focuses on the development of a total analysis system that consists of various interconnected structures that are designed to mix, classify, concentrate, and isolate particles in fluids that mimic the behavior of cancer and normal cells. Using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, the device's performance was optimized to use a pressure input of 35 kPa for water or serum and 29.4 kPa for a mixture of liquid and serum samples, which are the optimal pressure inputs. The numerical models were validated by experiments using two types of polystyrene particles, with diameters of 5 and 20 μm. Moreover, the developed system was applied to monitor the behavior of red blood cells. The microfluidic chip is capable of addressing several challenges through visual detections, including mixing tests of two fluids with similar densities, proper particle size classification using Dean flow fractionation, and single-step recovery of large, labeled particles. Finally, the collected particles were examined using an environmental scanning electron microscope to determine their size, and the results demonstrated that successful size separation was achieved, with particles around 20 μm completely separated from the smaller ones.