# Effects of a 60-Minute Lecture About Diagnostic Errors for Medical Students: A Single-Center Interventional Study

## TL;DR

A 60-minute lecture on diagnostic errors improved Japanese medical students' awareness and understanding of factors contributing to such errors.

## Contribution

This study demonstrates that a short lecture can effectively shift medical students' perceptions and awareness of diagnostic errors.

## Key findings

- Medical students became significantly more aware of diagnostic errors and their importance after the lecture.
- Students were less likely to feel blame or shame about diagnostic errors post-lecture.
- On average, students identified multiple factors contributing to diagnostic errors after the lecture.

## Abstract

Introduction: The danger of diagnostic errors exists in daily medical practice, and doctors are required to avoid such errors as much as possible. Although various factors, including cognitive, system-related, and patient-related factors, are involved in the occurrence of diagnostic errors, the percentage of doctors with insufficient medical knowledge among those factors is extremely low. Therefore, lectures on diagnostic errors might also be useful for medical students without experience working as doctors. This study investigated whether a 60-minute lecture on diagnostic errors would enable Japanese medical students to consider the factors involved in diagnostic errors and how their perceptions of diagnostic errors change.

Methods and materials: This single-center interventional study was conducted in October 2022 among fourth-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Saga University. A questionnaire survey was conducted before and immediately after the lecture to investigate changes in the perceptions of medical students regarding diagnostic errors. One mock case question was given on an exam the day after the lecture, and the number of responses to cognitive biases and system-related and patient-related factors involved in diagnostic errors were calculated.

Results: A total of 83 students were analyzed. After the lecture, medical students were significantly more aware of the existence of the concept of diagnostic error, the importance of learning about it, their willingness to continue learning about it, and their perception that learning about diagnostic errors improves their clinical skills. They were also significantly less likely to feel blame or shame over diagnostic errors. The mean numbers of responses per student for cognitive bias, system-related factors, and patient-related factors were 1.9, 3.4, and 0.9, respectively. The mean number of responses per student for all factors was 5.6.

Conclusion: A 60-minute lecture on diagnostic errors among medical students is beneficial because it significantly changes their perception of diagnostic errors. The results of the present study also suggest that lectures may enable Japanese medical students to consider the factors involved in diagnostic errors.