Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and the Clinical Manifestations of Vitamin Deficiencies: Case Report and Literature Review

TL;DR

A patient who had gastric bypass surgery developed severe vitamin deficiencies and complications requiring intensive care.

Contribution

This case report highlights the clinical manifestations and management of vitamin deficiencies following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Findings

The patient exhibited signs of vitamin deficiencies including dermatitis, hyperkeratosis, and Bitot spots.

Low albumin, protein, and electrolyte abnormalities were observed in laboratory tests.

TPN and stricture dilatation improved the patient's condition and allowed oral intake.

Abstract

This case outlines the complications of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGBS) and demonstrates clinical manifestations of several vitamin deficiencies. We present a 45-year-old female patient who was admitted to our hospital with generalized weakness, anasarca, hypotension, and failure to thrive, a year after she had her RYGBS. After the procedure, she had nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea with progressive inability to tolerate any oral intake. Subsequently, the patient lost over 200 pounds and got bedridden. Initially, after the procedure, the patient had a dilatation of her anastomotic stricture, but after her surgeon moved out of town she was lost to follow up until she presented to our hospital. Upon arrival, the patient was hypotensive, tachycardic, and appeared dehydrated. The exam also revealed several clinical manifestations of vitamin deficiencies including dermatitis concerning Pellagra, follicular hyperkeratosis, and Bitot spots. Laboratory data showed significantly low albumin, protein, acute kidney injury, and several electrolyte abnormalities. The patient had to be admitted to the ICU for pressure support along with colloid and electrolyte replacement. An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed which revealed a clean-based ulcer and a 10-mm anastomotic stricture. She was started on Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN). After the dilatation of the stricture, the patient was able to tolerate oral intake and TPN was subsequently discontinued upon discharge. The patient was educated extensively on the importance of compliance with daily vitamin supplementation and regular follow-up with bariatric physicians at discharge.

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