The Effect of Preoperative Administration of Glucocorticoids on the Postoperative Complication Rate in Liver Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

TL;DR

This study reviews whether giving glucocorticoids before liver surgery reduces complications, finding no significant overall benefit but a possible reduction in wound infections.

Contribution

A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs on preoperative glucocorticoids in liver surgery, focusing on complication rates and liver recovery.

Findings

Preoperative glucocorticoids showed no significant reduction in overall postoperative complications.

A significant reduction in wound infections was observed with glucocorticoid administration.

Meta-analysis on liver function recovery could not be performed due to limited data.

Abstract

Background: Glucocorticoids may grant a protective effect against postoperative complications. The evidence on their efficacy, however, has been inconclusive thus far. We investigated the effects of preoperatively administered glucocorticoids on the overall postoperative complication rate, and on liver function recovery in patients undergoing major liver surgery. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL in October 2021, and repeated the search in April 2023. Pre-study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021284559). Studies investigating patients undergoing liver resections or transplantation who were administered glucocorticoids preoperatively and reported postoperative complications were eligible. Meta-analyses were performed using META and DMETAR packages in R with a random effects model. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB2. Results: The selection yielded 11 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 964 patients. Data from nine RCTs (n = 837) revealed a tendency toward a lower overall complication rate with glucocorticoid administration (odds ratio: 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.38–1.31, p = 0.23), but it was not statistically significant. Data pooled from seven RCTs showed a significant reduction in wound infections with glucocorticoid administration [odds ratio: 0.64; 95% confidence interval: 0.45–0.92 p = 0.02]. Due to limited data availability, meta-analysis of liver function recovery parameters was not possible. Conclusions: The preoperative administration of glucocorticoids did not significantly reduce the overall postoperative complication rate. Future clinical trials should investigate homogenous patient populations with a specific focus on postoperative liver recovery.

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