Conventional Cytogenetic Analysis and Array CGH + SNP Identify Essential Thrombocythemia and Prefibrotic Primary Myelofibrosis Patients Who Are at Risk for Disease Progression

TL;DR

This study shows that combining two genomic analysis methods can identify patients with blood disorders who are more likely to experience disease progression.

Contribution

The study demonstrates that combining conventional cytogenetics with array CGH + SNP improves detection of genomic abnormalities linked to disease progression in Ph-MPN patients.

Findings

Genomic alterations were detected in 36% of patients with essential thrombocythemia or prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis.

Patients who progressed had a 68% chance of having abnormal genomic findings detected by either method.

Cytogenetically normal patients with abnormal aCGH + SNP results had shorter progression-free survival.

Abstract

The Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-MPNs) are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic malignancies that include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and the prefibrotic form of primary myelofibrosis (prePMF). In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the karyotypes from conventional cytogenetics (CC) and array Comparative Genomic Hybridization + Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (aCGH + SNP) in patients with ET or prePMF to determine whether the combined analysis of both methodologies can identify patients who may be at a higher risk of disease progression. We performed a comprehensive genomic review on 169 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ET (154 patients) or prePMF (15 patients). Genomic alterations detected by CC or array-CGH + SNP were detected in 36% of patients. In patients who progressed, 68% had an abnormal genomic finding by either technology. There was a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) among patients who were cytogenetically abnormal or who were cytogenetically normal but had an abnormal aCGH + SNP result. Leveraging the ability to detect submicroscopic copy number alterations and regions of copy neutral-loss of heterozygosity, we identified a higher number of patients harboring genomic abnormalities than previously reported. These results underscore the importance of genomic analysis in prognostication and provide valuable information for clinical management and treatment decisions.

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