# Multi-Mode Damage and Fracture Mechanisms of Thin-Walled Tubular Parts with Cross Inner Ribs Manufactured via Flow Forming

## TL;DR

This study investigates how thin-walled tubes with inner ribs fracture during manufacturing, using a modified model to predict damage under different stress conditions.

## Contribution

A new stress state function was introduced to unify tension and shear damage in the GTN model for better fracture prediction.

## Key findings

- Fractures at the non-rib zone were caused by shear and tension deformation.
- Axial tension from large rib intervals caused fractures on longitudinal ribs.
- Shearing and radial tension caused fractures at the interface between transverse ribs and non-rib zones.

## Abstract

In order to study the multi-mode damage and fracture mechanisms of thin-walled tubular parts with cross inner ribs (longitudinal and transverse inner ribs, LTIRs), the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model was modified with a newly proposed stress state function. Thus, tension damage and shear damage were unified by the new stress state function, which was asymmetric with respect to stress triaxiality. Tension damage dominated the modification, which coupled with the shear damage variable, ensured the optimal prediction of fractures of thin-walled tubular parts with LTIRs by the modified GTN model. This included fractures occurring at the non-rib zone (NRZ), the longitudinal rib (LIR) and the interface between the transverse rib (TIR) and the NRZ. Among them, the stripping of material from the outer surface of the tubular part was mainly caused by the shearing of built-up material in front of the rollers under a large wall thickness reduction (ΔT). Shear and tension deformation were the causes of fractures occurring at the NRZ, while axial tension under a large TIR interval (l) mainly resulted in fractures on LIRs. Fractures at the interface between the TIR and NRZ were due to the shearing applied by rib grooves and radial tension during the formation of ribs. This study can provide guidance for the manufacturing of high-performance aluminum alloy thin-walled tubular components with complex inner ribs.