# Pectate lyase genes from Radopholus similis and their application in pathotype identification

## TL;DR

This study identifies a gene that can distinguish two types of a harmful nematode based on its ability to infect citrus plants.

## Contribution

The study introduces Rs-pel-3 as a molecular marker for identifying citrus versus banana pathotypes of Radopholus similis.

## Key findings

- Rs-pel-3 is amplified in citrus pathotypes but not in banana pathotypes.
- Rs-pel-3 is stably expressed across all developmental stages of citrus pathotype nematodes.
- Rs-pel-3 can serve as a molecular marker for pathotype identification.

## Abstract

Radopholus similis is a destructive, migratory, and endophytoparasitic nematode. It has two morphologically indistinguishable pathotypes (or physiological races): banana and citrus pathotypes. At present, the only reliable method to differentiate the two pathotypes is testing the infestation and parasitism of nematodes on Citrus spp. via inoculation. However, differences in inoculation methods and conditions adopted by different researchers complicate obtaining consistent results. In this study, the parasitism and pathogenicity of 10 R. similis populations on rough lemon (Citrus limon) seedlings and the tropism and invasion of rough lemon roots were tested. It revealed that populations SWK, GJ, FZ, GZ, DBSR, and YJ were citrus pathotypes, which showed parasitism and pathogenicity on rough lemon and could invade rough lemon roots, whereas populations XIN, ML, HN6, and HL were banana pathotypes, having no parasitism and pathogenicity on rough lemon and they did not invade the rough lemon roots. Four pectate lyase genes (Rs-pel-2, Rs-pel-3, Rs-pel-4, and Rs-pel-5) belonging to the Class III family from these populations were amplified and analysed. The gene Rs-pel-3 could be amplified from six citrus pathotype populations and was stably expressed in the four developmental stages of the nematode, whereas it could not be amplified from the four banana pathotypes. Rs-pel-3 expression may be related to the parasitism and pathogenicity of R. similis on rough lemon. Hence, it can be used as a molecular marker to distinguish between banana and citrus pathotypes and as a target gene for the molecular identification of these two pathotypes.

• Four pectate lyase genes (Rs-pels) from Radopholus similis were cloned and analysed.

• The expression of Rs-pels is different in two pathotypes of Radopholus similis.

• A molecular identification method for two pathotypes of Radopholus similis using pectate lyase gene Rs-pel-3 as the target gene was established.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-024-13124-3.