IL-1α is required for T cell-driven weight loss after respiratory viral infection
Ziyin Wang, Leah F. Cuthbertson, Chubicka Thomas, Hadijatou J Sallah, Lucy G. Mosscrop, Haoyuan Li, Tiina Talts, Kartik Kumar, Miriam F. Moffatt, John S. Tregoning
TL;DR
This study shows that IL-1α is essential for T cell-driven weight loss after respiratory viral infections like RSV, involving a lung-brain-gut signaling pathway.
Contribution
The study identifies IL-1α as a novel key driver of post-infection weight loss and reveals a lung-brain-gut signaling axis.
Findings
IL-1α, not IL-1β, is critical for infection-induced weight loss during RSV.
IL-1α depletion reverses gut microbiota changes caused by RSV infection.
IL-1α in the brain correlates with appetite-regulating gene and signaling molecule changes.
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections remain a major cause of hospitalization and death worldwide. Patients with respiratory infections often lose weight. While acute weight loss is speculated to be a tolerance mechanism to limit pathogen growth, severe weight loss following infection can cause quality of life deterioration. Despite the clinical relevance of respiratory infection-induced weight loss, its mechanism is not yet completely understood. We utilized a model of CD 8+ T cell-driven weight loss during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection to dissect the immune regulation of post-infection weight loss. Supporting previous data, bulk RNA sequencing indicated significant enrichment of the interleukin (IL)-1 signaling pathway after RSV infection. Despite increased viral load, infection-associated weight loss was significantly reduced after IL-1α (but not IL-1β) blockade. IL-1α depletion…
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Taxonomy
TopicsRegulation of Appetite and Obesity · Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases · IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways