# Pharmacogenomics-based systematic review of coronary artery disease based on personalized medicine procedure

## TL;DR

This study identifies key genes and variants linked to coronary artery disease to improve personalized treatment strategies using pharmacogenomics.

## Contribution

A novel gene list and pharmacogenetic variants for CAD treatment are proposed through systematic bioinformatics analysis.

## Key findings

- 175 pharmacogenetic variants were identified, including 57 nonsynonymous variants from 29 genes.
- Circulating miR33a and specific ABCA1 gene variants are linked to CAD and can guide drug prescriptions.
- The findings support the use of genomic data in WGS and WES for CAD prognosis and diagnosis.

## Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common reason for mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost globally. This study aimed to suggest a new gene list for the treatment of CAD by a systematic review of bioinformatics analyses of pharmacogenomics impacts of potential genes and variants.

PubMed search was filtered by the title including Coronary Artery Disease during 2020–2023. To find the genes with pharmacogenetic impact on the CAD, additional filtrations were considered according to the variant annotations. Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs), Gene-miRNA Interactions (GMIs), Protein-Drug Interactions (PDIs), and variant annotation assessments (VAAs) performed by STRING-MODEL (ver. 12), Cytoscape (ver. 3.10), miRTargetLink.2., NetworkAnalyst (ver 0.3.0), and PharmGKB.

Results revealed 5618 publications, 1290 papers were qualified, and finally, 650 papers were included. 4608 protein-coding genes were extracted, among them, 1432 unique genes were distinguished and 530 evidence-based repeated genes remained. 71 genes showed a pharmacogenetics-related variant annotation in at least (entirely 6331 annotations). Variant annotation assessment (VAA) showed 532 potential variants for the final report, and finally, the concluding PGs list represented 175 variants. Based on the function and MAF, 57 nonsynonymous variants of 29 Pharmacogenomics-related genes were associated with CAD.

Conclusively, evaluating circulating miR33a in individuals’ plasma with CAD, and genotyping of rs2230806, rs2230808, rs2487032, rs12003906, rs2472507, rs2515629, and rs4149297 (ABCA1 variants) lead to precisely prescribing of well-known drugs. Also, the findings of this review can be used in both whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis in the prognosis and diagnosis of CAD.

•Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).•Genetic biomarkers are increasingly introduced for the diagnosis and treatment of CAD.•This review mainly focuses on recent reports of genomics and proteomics data associated with CAD.•This review covers the recent pharmacogenomics-associated genes, variants, and miRNAs with CAD.•Potential variants for personalized medicine and miRNAs for detection of CAD are discussed.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

Genetic biomarkers are increasingly introduced for the diagnosis and treatment of CAD.

This review mainly focuses on recent reports of genomics and proteomics data associated with CAD.

This review covers the recent pharmacogenomics-associated genes, variants, and miRNAs with CAD.

Potential variants for personalized medicine and miRNAs for detection of CAD are discussed.