# Cytomegalovirus-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Immunocompromised Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

## TL;DR

A 56-year-old woman with inflammatory bowel disease developed a rare and severe immune syndrome caused by a cytomegalovirus infection.

## Contribution

This case report highlights the rare occurrence of CMV-induced HLH in immunocompromised IBD patients.

## Key findings

- HLH was triggered by CMV viremia in an immunosuppressed patient.
- Prompt treatment and management of the underlying infection improved outcomes.
- Multiple diagnostic tools are essential for timely diagnosis.

## Abstract

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and often fatal syndrome of immune hyperactivation, cytokine dysregulation, and severe inflammation. This severe syndrome is commonly triggered by infection, malignancy, autoimmunity, or immunosuppression. We present herein the case of a 56-year-old-female diagnosed with HLH triggered by an acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection with viremia in the context of immunosuppression for inflammatory bowel disease. This case highlights the importance of utilizing multiple diagnostic tools, prompt initiation of anti-hemophagocytic treatment, and management of the underlying etiology, to prevent significant morbidity and mortality.