# Simvastatin-Loaded Nanoniosome Protects H9c2 Cells from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/ Reperfusion Injury by Downregulating Inflammation

## TL;DR

Simvastatin-loaded nanoniosomes improve cell survival and reduce inflammation in heart cells under stress.

## Contribution

A novel drug delivery system using nanoniosomes enhances simvastatin's effectiveness in protecting heart cells.

## Key findings

- SIM-loaded nanoniosomes significantly increased cell viability in OGD/R-injured H9c2 cells.
- Treatment reduced inflammatory markers like TNF-α and IL-1β compared to SIM alone.
- Nanoniosomes improved stability and solubility of simvastatin in an in vitro model.

## Abstract

Simvastatin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties against cardiac I/RI. However, it suffers from low bioavailability and a short half-life. Nanoniosomes are novel drug delivery systems that may increase SIM effectiveness. The present research evaluates the impact of SIM-loaded nanoniosomes on the OGD/R injury model of H9c2 cells.

Cells were seeded based on five groups: (1) control; (2) OGD/R; (3) OGD/R receiving SIM; (4) OGD/R receiving nanoniosomes; and (5) OGD/R receiving SIMloaded nanoniosomes. OGD/R injury of the H9c2 cells was treated with SIM or SIMloaded nanoniosomes. Cell viability, two inflammatory factors, necroptosis factors, along with HMGB1 and Nrf2 gene expressions were assessed.

The cells treated with SIMloaded nanoniosomes showed a significant elevation in the cell viability and a reduction in HMGB1, Nrf2, TNF-α, IL-1β, RIPK1, and ROCK1 expression levels compared to the OGD/R and SIM groups.

Based on our findings, nanoniosomes could safely serve as a drug delivery system to counterbalance the disadvantages of SIM, resulting in improved aqueous solubility and stability.