# Pancreatic Arteriovenous Malformations: A Case From Saudi Arabia

## TL;DR

This paper presents a rare case of pancreatic arteriovenous malformation in a Saudi patient, diagnosed with CT and treated surgically, highlighting the importance of early detection.

## Contribution

The paper contributes a rare clinical case of pancreatic AVM from Saudi Arabia with detailed diagnostic and treatment outcomes.

## Key findings

- CT imaging identified multiple discrete intrapancreatic vessels consistent with AVM.
- Surgical intervention improved symptoms and prevented life-threatening complications.
- Early detection of AVM can prevent massive gastrointestinal bleeding and portal hypertension.

## Abstract

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare anomaly, mostly due to congenital reasons. Patients with pancreatic AVM can live without experiencing symptoms. It can present with gastrointestinal bleeding or portal hypertension, and diagnosis can be made by computed tomography (CT) or angiography. CT findings include multiple discrete intrapancreatic vessels.

A 48-year-old man complained of abdominal pain with a sensation of fullness that radiated to the back for a month, associated with shortness of breath, loss of appetite, and unintentional weight loss of 33% in one month without nausea or vomiting. On physical examination, the abdomen was soft and lax with epigastric tenderness and a negative Murphy sign. Laboratory investigations showed high amylase with normal liver and kidney functions. CT showed pancreatic AVM. He underwent partial pancreatectomy and splenectomy. After the surgery, the patient reported an improvement in symptoms. All follow-up visits were uneventful.

Pancreatic AVM is a rare disease, and the most significant chief complaint of most patients is gastrointestinal tract bleeding. It requires imaging depending on the signs and symptoms. The primary imaging modality is CT, with subtraction angiography for confirmation. Surgical treatment is the standard of management for most patients when tolerable. Additionally, early detection of these rare anomalies can avoid massive gastrointestinal tract bleeding and the development of resistance portal hypertension and can save patients’ lives if bleeding occurs.