# Histologic Distribution of Lung and Bronchus Tumors: A Population-Based Study in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan

## TL;DR

This study examines lung and bronchus cancer trends in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, finding they align with national patterns and highlighting smoking as a major risk factor.

## Contribution

The study provides population-specific insights into lung cancer distribution in a rural, medically underserved region of the U.S.

## Key findings

- 91.1% of lung/bronchus cancer cases in the study were among lifetime smokers.
- The histologic distribution of cancers in the Upper Peninsula matched national averages.
- The median age at diagnosis was 70 years.

## Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States, with cigarette smoking recognized as the most important modifiable risk factor. The distinct smoking rates and occupational landscape in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan underscore the necessity of investigating the multifactorial influences on the prevalence and distribution of lung and bronchus cancer within this population.

Methods: This study, conducted from January 2012 to December 2022, included 1035 patients diagnosed with lung or bronchus tumors who were first seen and/or received the first course of treatment at Upper Peninsula Health Systems (UPHS) - Marquette, the largest hospital system in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and one of only two radiation oncology treatment centers in the Upper Peninsula.

Results: This study demonstrated that the histologic trend of lung and bronchus cancers in a sample of 1035 patients in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan closely resembles that of national averages. Participants with a lifetime history of smoking made up 943 (91.1%) cases of patients diagnosed with lung or bronchus cancers in this study. Lifetime non-smokers only made up 53 (5.1%) cases of patients diagnosed with lung or bronchus cancers. The median age at diagnosis of participants in this study was 70 years.

Conclusion: Our study provides significant insights into the histologic distribution of lung and bronchus cancers within the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, addressing a notable gap in the current literature for this rural and medically underserved population. The histologic distribution of lung and bronchus cancers in this region aligns with national trends. Furthermore, the distinct rates of cigarette smoking in the Upper Peninsula emphasize the critical role of smoking cessation efforts in reducing the burden of lung and bronchus cancers in this region.