# Mediastinal malignant rhabdoid tumor in an infant: A rare case report

## TL;DR

A rare case of mediastinal malignant rhabdoid tumor in a 7-month-old infant is reported, highlighting diagnostic challenges and the tumor's aggressive nature.

## Contribution

This paper presents a rare clinical case of mediastinal MRT in an infant, emphasizing diagnostic difficulties and atypical presentation.

## Key findings

- Mediastinal MRT in infants is extremely rare and often presents with non-specific symptoms.
- The case highlights the importance of considering rare tumors in infants with unexplained clinical deterioration.

## Abstract

Mediastinal malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive neoplasm, particularly uncommon in infants. We present the case of a previously healthy 7-month-old male infant with mediastinal MRT. The patient initially presented with left eyelid ptosis and was otherwise asymptomatic. Initial investigations, including brain MRI, yielded unremarkable results, and the infant was discharged with vitamin B supplements. However, he was readmitted a week later with prolonged fever, poor feeding, diarrhea, and respiratory distress. Despite an initial diagnosis of bronchiolitis/viral respiratory tract infection, the patient's condition rapidly deteriorated. Subsequent evaluation revealed mediastinal MRT as the underlying cause. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges associated with mediastinal MRT in infants and highlights the importance of considering rare neoplastic etiologies in atypical clinical presentations.