# Adenosine Increases the Immunosuppressive Capacity of Cervical Cancer Cells by Increasing PD-L1 Expression and TGF-β Production through Its Interaction with A2AR/A2BR

## TL;DR

This study shows that adenosine boosts cervical cancer cells' ability to suppress the immune system by increasing PD-L1 and TGF-β, which could be a new target for cancer therapy.

## Contribution

The study identifies a novel adenosine-mediated pathway involving A2AR/A2BR and TGF-β1 that enhances immunosuppression in cervical cancer cells.

## Key findings

- Adenosine increases PD-L1 expression in cervical cancer cells via A2AR/A2BR interaction.
- TGF-β1 produced by cervical cancer cells further enhances PD-L1 expression in an autocrine manner.
- Blocking A2AR/A2BR or TGF-β1 inhibits PD-L1 expression and reverses immunosuppressive effects.

## Abstract

The present study provides evidence showing that adenosine (Ado) increases the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cervical cancer (CeCa) cells by interacting with A2AR/A2BR and that TGF-β1 acts in an autocrine manner to induce PD-L1 expression, enhancing the immunosuppressive effects of CeCa cells on activated T lymphocytes (ATLs) and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for antigenic peptides derived from E6 and E7 proteins of HPV-16. Interestingly, the addition of the antagonists ZM241385 and MRS1754, which are specific for A2AR and A2BR, respectively, or SB-505124, which is a selective TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor, to CeCa cell cultures significantly inhibited PD-L1 expression. In addition, supernatants from CeCa cells that were treated with Ado (CeCa-Ado Sup) increased the expression of PD-1, TGF-β1, and IL-10 and decreased the expression of IFN-γ in ATLs. Interestingly, the addition of an anti-TGF-β neutralizing antibody strongly reversed the effect of CeCa-Ado Sup on PD-1 expression in ATLs. These results strongly suggest the presence of a feedback mechanism that involves the adenosinergic pathway, the production of TGF-β1, and the upregulation of PD-L1 expression in CeCa cells that suppresses the antitumor response of CTLs. The findings of this study suggest that this pathway may be clinically important and may be a therapeutic target.