Establishment of a Novel Miniature Double-Lumen Catheter Single-Cannulation Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Model in the Rat

TL;DR

Researchers developed a new rat model for venovenous ECMO using a miniature double-lumen catheter to study biological reactions during the procedure.

Contribution

A novel, stable rat model using a miniature double-lumen single-cannulation VV ECMO system was established.

Findings

The model maintained stable blood pressure and hemodilution without serious hemolysis.

Effective oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal were achieved with adequate pH maintenance.

The system did not require blood transfusion during ECMO operation.

Abstract

In recent years, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) has been used to support patients with severe lung disease. Active use of VV ECMO was also recommended for severe respiratory failure due to COVID-19. However, VV ECMO is also known to cause various complications due to extracorporeal circulation. Although we conducted ECMO research using rats, we have not been able to establish whether double-lumen single-cannulation VV ECMO models in rats have been described previously. The purpose of this study was to establish a simple, stable, and maintainable miniature double-lumen single-canulation VV ECMO model in rats. A double-lumen catheter used as a plain central venous catheter (SMAC plus Seldinger type; Covidien Japan Co., Tokyo, Japan) was passed through the right external jugular vein and advanced into the right atrium as a conduit for venous uptake. The VV ECMO system comprised a roller pump, miniature membrane oxygenator, and polyvinyl chloride tubing line. During VV ECMO, blood pressure and hemodilution rate were maintained at around 80 mmHg and 30%, respectively. Hemoglobin was kept at >9 g/dL, no serious hemolysis was observed, and VV ECMO was maintained without blood transfusion. Oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide from the blood were confirmed and pH was adequately maintained. This miniature VV ECMO model appears very useful for studying the mechanisms of biological reactions during VV ECMO.

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