Association between Left Atrial Appendage Morphology and Clot Histology in Patients with Embolic Ischemic Stroke: An Exploratory Study

TL;DR

This study explores how the shape of the left atrial appendage relates to clot composition in stroke patients, finding that a chicken-wing shape is linked to less fibrin in clots.

Contribution

The study identifies a novel association between left atrial appendage morphology and clot histology in embolic stroke patients.

Findings

Chicken-wing LAA morphology is associated with lower clot fibrin proportions compared to non-chicken-wing morphology.

Linear regression confirmed a significant negative relationship between chicken-wing LAA and clot fibrin content.

No significant differences were found in recanalization rates or first-pass effect between the groups.

Abstract

Background: Acute embolic ischemic stroke poses a significant healthcare challenge. Histological clot features’ variability among patients with acute ischemic stroke treated by mechanical thrombectomy has potential implications for determining treatment and etiology. This study investigated the clot histological feature differences among patients who experienced cardioembolic stroke and embolic stroke of undetermined source with different left atrial appendage (LAA) morphologies. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study involving 79 patients with acute embolic ischemic stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. Computed tomography angiography images were used to classify LAA morphologies. An artificial intelligence algorithm assessed the clot fibrin and red blood cell contents. Results: Patients with chicken-wing LAA morphology exhibited lower mean clot fibrin proportions than did those with non-chicken-wing morphology (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that chicken-wing LAA was significantly associated with a lower clot fibrin proportion (estimate, −0.177; 95% CI [−0.259, −0.096]; p < 0.001). The successful recanalization rate and first-pass effect between the groups did not differ significantly. Conclusions: The chicken-wing LAA morphological type is associated with lower clot fibrin contents, suggesting potentially different embolism mechanisms or diverse embolic sources, compared with the non-chicken-wing LAA types. Further studies are required to investigate this association.

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