# Exploring Indicators for Training Load Control in Young Swimmers: The Role of Inspiratory Spirometry Outcomes

## TL;DR

This study explores whether inspiratory spirometry can help control training loads in young swimmers by linking breathing metrics to performance indicators.

## Contribution

The study introduces inspiratory spirometry as a novel and immediate tool for training load control in swimming.

## Key findings

- S-INDEX and jump height showed strong positive correlations during swimming performance tests.
- PIF also correlated positively with jump height at various stages of the test.
- Both S-INDEX and PIF can support immediate decision-making for training load control in swimmers.

## Abstract

One of the most important implications of technology in swimming is to control training loads. Lactate control, video-analysis of the technique or the assessment of specific actions, i.e., the vertical jump, have helped to provide load adaptation indicators in swimmers in recent decades. However, these indicators have led to a longer application time, due to their indirect procedure and the need to analyze each variable. The aim of this study was to analyze whether inspiratory spirometry values can serve as a training load control tool in swimmers. Countermovement jump (CMJ), Inspiratory Force Index (S-INDEX) and Peak Inspiratory Flow (PIF) were evaluated with a load of 3 cm H2O before, during and after performing a swimming performance test (critical speed test: specific warming up, 400 m and 100 m freestyle). Positive correlations were found between S-INDEX and jump height after warm-up, after 400 m and at the end of 100 m (Spearman = 0.470, R2 = 0.280; Spearman = 0.508, R2 = 0.392; Spearman = 0.458, R2 = 0.359, p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, positive correlations were also found between PIF and jump height at the same evaluated moments (Spearman = 0.461, R2 = 0.305; Spearman = 0.493, R2 = 0.386; Spearman = 0.454, R2 = 0.374, p < 0.05). Both the S-INDEX and the PIF could serve as useful tools for swimmer load control, allowing coaches to make more immediate decisions.